Research on cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia has led to major improvements in personalized care. Traditional approaches to testing may include karyotype, FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization), chromosomal microarray, and gene panels. Whole-genome sequencing can detect all the critical abnormalities and variant types relevant for these conditions with a single workflow.